Maximum Shelf Life of King Trumpet Mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii)

Nako ea paballo ea li-mushroom tsa king trumpet e ipapisitse le maemo a polokelo le kalafo ea kamora kotulo. Ka tlase ke liprothokholo tse ntlafalitsoeng tse tšehetsoeng ke lithuto tsa poloko ea lijo (IFT, 2022) le litataiso tsa USDA:

1. Sehatsetsi se Tloaelehileng

• Mocheso: 0–2°C (±0.5°C)
• Mongobo: 90–95% RH
• Sephutheloana: Mekotla e entsoeng ka polyethylene (5-8 masoba / cm²)
• Shelf Life:
  • Li-mushroom tse feletseng: matsatsi a 12-14 (ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele <3%)
  • Li-mushroom tse halikiloeng: matsatsi a 7–9 (palo ea likokoana-hloko tse laoloang <10⁴ CFU/g)

Ntlha ea Bohlokoa: CO₂ concentration ≤2000 ppm ho thibela phefumoloho ea anaerobic.

2. Packaging e fetotsoeng ea Sepakapaka (MAP)

• Sebopeho sa Khase: 5% O₂ + 10% CO₂ + 85% N₂
• Mofuta oa lifilimi: Filimi ea laminate ea BOPP/PE (OTR: 3000–4000 cm³/m²·24h·atm)
• Shelf Life:
  • Matsatsi a 18-21 (ha ho sootho kapa bosesane bo bonahalang)
  • Mosebetsi oa polyphenol oxidase o fokotsehile ka 65%

Netefatso: Liteko tsa ATP bioluminescence li netefatsa bocha (RLU <800).

3. Vacuum Precooling + Ho Qhamisa

• Ho pholisa pele: Fokotsa mocheso oa mantlha ho 4°C nakong ea metsotso e 30
• Ho tonya: IQF ho -35°C → Sebaka sa polokelo ho -18°C
• Shelf Life:
  • Likhoeli tse 10-12 (ho boloka sebopeho> 80%)
  • Ha ho tahlehelo ea bohlokoa ea limatlafatsi (protheine ≥92%, polysaccharides ≥88%)

Taolo ea Boleng: Blanching (95°C/2 min) pele serame se thibela ho soothoa ha enzymatic.

4. Theknoloji ea Coating e jeoang

• Foromo ea ho roala: 1.5% chitosan + 0.2% nano-SiO₂
• Melemo:
  • E lieha ho bula cap, ka matsatsi a 5-7
  • E fokotsa sekhahla sa ho hema ka 40%
  • E boloka ho tiea (≥12 N puncture force)